Лексичний мінімум загального курсу англійської мови
Рівень B1


Unit 1: Identity

Family
  1. a family history - past events that relate to a particular family (its formation, roots etc.)
  2. a side of the family - the ancestors or relatives of one's mother or father
  3. an ancestor - a person related to someone who lived a long time ago
  4. great-grandparents - grandparents of one's father or mother
  5. a relative - a person connected by blood or marriage
  6. to be related to - to belong to the same family
  7. to inherit - to derive (a quality, characteristic, or predisposition) genetically from one's parents or ancestors
  8. to take after someone - to be similar to an older member of one's family
  9. roots - family, ethnic, or cultural origins
  10. an extended family - a family unit that includes grandmothers, grandfathers, aunts and uncles, etc. in addition to parents and children
  11. an immediate family - someone's closest relations, such as parents, children, a husband or a wife
  12. in-laws - parents of one's husband or wife or members of his or her family
  13. a sister-in-law - a sister of one's husband or wife
  14. an ex-husband - a former husband
  15. a stepfather - a man who is married to one's mother after the divorce of one's parents or the death of one's father
  16. a stepdaughter - a daughter of one's husband or wife by a previous marriage
  17. a fortune - a lot of money
  18. a gold medalist - someone who won a gold medal in sport
  19. tragic - extremely sad
  20. to abandon someone - to leave someone in a bad condition
  21. to be sentenced - to be given a punishment for a crime
Relationships
  1. a boss - a person who is in charge of a worker or organization
  2. an employee - a person who is paid to work for an organization or for another person
  3. a classmate - a fellow member of a class at school, college, or university
  4. a partner - a person who takes part in an undertaking with others
  5. a team-mate - a fellow member of a team
  6. a member - a person that has joined a group, society or team
  7. a godparent - a person who promises to help teach and guide someone in religious matters as part of a Christian baptism ceremony
  8. a mentor - an experienced and trusted adviser
  9. a fiancé - a man who is engaged to be married
  10. a fiancée - a woman who is engaged to be married
  11. to go off something - to begin to dislike something
  12. to get on with someone - to like someone and have a friendly relationship with him / her
  13. to do someone a favour - to help someone

Unit 2: Tales

Types of story
  1. a biopic - a genre of fiction that tells the story of someone's life
  2. a docudrama - a genre of fiction or a film based on events that really happened
  3. a disaster - a genre of films that use natural or accidental catastrophe as the mainspring of plot and setting
  4. a romantic comedy - a film or a play which describes a love affair and is intended to make an audience laugh
  5. a period drama - a drama set in a particular historical period
  6. a fantasy / a science fiction - a genre of fiction in which the stories often tell about science and technology of the future
  7. a psychological thriller - a fictional thriller story which emphasizes the psychology of its characters and their unstable emotional states
  8. an action / an adventure - a genre of fiction in which an adventure, an exciting undertaking involving risk and physical danger form the main storyline
  9. a mystery / a crime - a novel, play or film dealing with a puzzling crime, especially a murder
  10. by mistake - accidentally
  11. on someone's own - alone, not with other people
  12. on business - for work
  13. by chance - unexpectedly, not planned
  14. by hand - by a person, not a machine
  15. in the end - finally
  16. on purpose - intentionally
  17. on time - not early, not late
  18. in a moment - in a very short time
  19. in a hurry - in a rushed manner
  20. in person - with the personal presence or action of the individual specified
The news
  1. a crash - a violent collision, typically of one vehicle with another or with an object
  2. to attack - to act against someone or something aggressively in an attempt to injure or kill
  3. violent - using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage or kill someone or something
  4. a strike - a refusal to work organized by a body of employees as a form of protest
  5. an earthquake - a shaking of the ground caused by movement of the earth's crust
  6. a fugitive - a person who has escaped from captivity or is in hiding
  7. a flood - an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits
  8. to destroy - to ruin
  9. to threaten - to express one's intention to harm or kill someone
  10. a hostage - a person seized or held as security for the fulfilment of a condition
  11. to release - to set free
  12. to be shot - to be killed
  13. a collapse - a sudden failure of an institution or undertaking
  14. a suspect - a person thought to be guilty of a crime or offence
  15. to assassinate - to murder (an important person) for political or religious reasons

Unit 3: Contact

Communication
  1. to gossip - to talk about other people's behaviour and private lives, often including remarks that are unkind or untrue
  2. to compliment - to praise someone for something
  3. to moan - to complain or grumble, typically about something trivial
  4. to chat - to talk in a friendly and informal way
  5. to boast - to talk with excessive pride and self-satisfaction about one's achievements, possessions, or abilities
  6. to argue - to exchange or express diverging or opposite views, typically in a heated or angry way
  7. to warn - to inform someone in advance of a possible danger or problem
  8. to apologise - to express regret for something that one has done wrong
  9. to change someone's mind about something - to change an opinion or decision about something
  10. to cope with something - to manage a situation
  11. nosy - showing too much curiosity about other people's affairs
  12. a panic - a fear that terrible things might happen
  13. a rough idea - the most important features of something, without much detail
  14. last-minute arrangements - plans that you make just before they happen
Future time markers
  1. a term - a fixed period of time during which someone does something or something happens
  2. shortly - in a short time, soon
  3. certainly - definitely, surely
  4. an intermediary - a person who acts as a link between people in order to try and bring about an agreement
  5. a barrier - an obstacle
  6. a thumbprint - an impression or mark made on a surface by the inner part of the top joint of the thumb
  7. a retina scan - a biometric device that scans a person's or animal's retina in infrared for identification purposes
  8. straightforward - uncomplicated and easy to do or understand
  9. on demand - as soon as or whenever required
Idioms
  1. small talk - a polite conversation about unimportant or uncontroversial matters
  2. to work against the clock - to work in a great hurry because there is very little time
  3. on someone's mind - preoccupying someone in a disquieting way
  4. not one's cup of tea - not what one likes or is interested in
  5. to be close to someone's heart - to be very important to someone
  6. to be in hot water - to be in trouble
  7. to put someone's foot in something - to say or do something tactless or embarrassing
  8. to run out of time - with no time remaining to continue or complete something
  9. to keep an eye on someone - to keep under careful observation
  10. to give somebody a hand - to help in an action or enterprise
  11. a piece of cake - something easily achieved
  12. a dark horse - a person about whom little is known
  13. the rat race - a way of life in which people are caught up in a fiercely competitive struggle for wealth or power
  14. to be in two minds - to be unable to decide between alternatives
  15. to let someone's hair down - to relax and enjoy yourself without worrying what other people will think
  16. to break the ice - to do or say something to relieve tension or get conversation going
  17. to travel light - to travel with a minimum load or minimum luggage
  18. to learn something by heart - to memorize something
  19. to go window shopping - to spend time looking at the goods in the windows of shops without intending to buy anything

Unit 4: Jobs

Millionaires
  1. competitive - having or displaying a strong desire to be more successful than others
  2. a good leader - a person who has the qualities to manage a group of people
  3. indecisive - not able to make decisions quickly and effectively
  4. hard-working - tending to work with energy and commitment
  5. a good communicator - a person who can express ideas or feelings clearly to others
  6. to think outside the box - to have ideas that are original, creative or innovative
  7. a risk taker - a person who does things which are dangerous
  8. to be motivated - to have interest in or enthusiasm for something
  9. ambitious - having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed
  10. reliable - able to be trusted
  11. sensible - possessing or displaying prudence
  12. easy-going - not easily annoyed, worried or upset
  13. aggressive - ready or likely to attack or confront
  14. clever - quick to understand, learn and devise or apply ideas
  15. bright - intelligent and quick-witted
  16. honest - free of deceit; truthful and sincere
  17. lazy - unwilling to work or use energy
  18. punctual - doing something at the agreed or proper time
  19. moody - given to unpredictable changes of mood
  20. independent - capable of thinking or acting for oneself
  21. a background - a person's education, experience and social circumstances
  22. to put in the hours - to work long hours
  23. a bargain - a thing bought or offered for sale much more cheaply than is usual or expected
  24. to do one's own thing - to do what you want without worrying about what other people think
  25. a job - a paid position of regular employment
  26. work - a means of earning income; employment
  27. to remember - to have in or be able to bring to one's mind an awareness of someone / something from the past
  28. to remind - to cause someone to remember someone or something
  29. to leave - to go away from a place without taking someone or something
  30. to forget - to fail to remember
  31. to listen - to give one's attention to a sound
  32. to hear - to perceive with the ear the sound made by someone or something
  33. fun - enjoyment, amusement or light-hearted pleasure
  34. funny - humorous
  35. actually - as the truth or facts of a situation; really
  36. currently - at the present time
  37. a career - an occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person's life and with opportunities for progress
  38. a course - a series of lectures or lessons in a particular subject, leading to an examination or qualification
  39. to borrow - to take and use something belonging to someone else with the intention of returning it
  40. to lend - to allow a person or organization the use of a sum of money under an agreement to pay it back later
  41. to miss - to be too late to catch a passenger vehicle
  42. to lose - to be deprived of or cease to have or retain something
Dream job
  1. brilliant - exceptionally clever or talented; outstanding, impressive
  2. boiling - extremely hot
  3. terrible - extremely unpleasant or disagreeable
  4. furious - extremely angry; violent or intense
  5. delicious - highly pleasant to the taste
  6. tiny - very small
  7. impossible - very difficult to deal with
  8. exhausted - very tired
  9. huge - extremely large, enormous
  10. fascinating - extremely interesting
  11. freezing - very cold
  12. beautiful - pleasing the senses or mind aesthetically
  13. enormous - very large in size, quantity, or extent
  14. amazing - very impressive; excellent
  15. regarding - about

Unit 5: Solutions

Machines
  1. a computer network - a system of computers which are connected and which operate together
  2. a communications satellite - a satellite placed in orbit around the earth in order to relay television, radio and telephone signals
  3. 24 / 7 - twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week
  4. antibiotics - a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys micro-organisms
  5. electricity - a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current
  6. a vaccination - the process of giving a vaccine, usually by injection, to prevent people from getting a disease
  7. nuclear power - electric or motive power generated by a nuclear reactor
  8. solar power - power obtained by harnessing the energy of the sun's rays
  9. a motorbike - a two-wheeled vehicle that is powered by a motor and has no pedals
  10. a vacuum cleaner - an electric machine which sucks up dust and dirt from carpets
  11. genetic engineering - the science or activity of changing the genetic structure of an animal, plant or other organism in order to make it stronger or more suitable for a particular purpose
  12. a washing machine - a machine that you use to wash clothes in
  13. space travel - travel through outer space
  14. a commercial aeroplane - an aeroplane used for carrying goods or passengers who pay
  15. however - a word which is used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something that has been said previously
  16. as far as I am concerned - a phrase used to indicate that you are giving your own opinion
  17. to plug something in - to push a plug of a piece of electrical equipment into an electric socket so that it can work
  18. to have an injection - to have a medicine put into your body by means of a device with a needle called a syringe
  19. to press the button - to initiate an action
  20. to run out of something - to use up one's supply of something
  21. to break down - to suddenly cease to function
  22. to restart / reboot the computer - to start a computer system again and put it into a state of readiness for operation
  23. to switch something on - to make something start working by operating a switch
  24. to switch something off - to stop something working by operating a switch
Ask the experts
  1. to question - to ask someone questions; to feel or express doubt about something
  2. to wonder - to desire to know something; to feel doubt
  3. to discuss - to talk about something with a person or people
  4. a discussion - the action or process of talking about something in order to reach a decision or to exchange ideas
  5. to debate - to argue about a subject, especially in a formal manner
  6. to respond - to say something in reply
  7. a response - a verbal or written answer
  8. to reply - to say something in response to something someone has said; to write back in answer to someone
  9. to research - to investigate systematically
  10. to investigate - to carry out research or study into a subject or problem, typically one in a scientific or academic field
  11. an investigation - a formal or systematic examination or research
  12. to inquire - to ask for information from someone
  13. an inquiry - an act of asking for information
  14. to look into - to try to find out the truth about a problem, crime etc; to find the information about something
  15. to sting - to wound or pierce with a sting
  16. to run over - to knock someone or something down or drive over them
  17. a monk - a member of a male religious community that is usually separated from the outside world
  18. messy - untidy or dirty
  19. lovable - inspiring or deserving love or affection
  20. peaceful - free from disturbance; tranquil
  21. explosive - able or likely to shatter violently or burst apart
  22. useless - not fulfilling or not expected to achieve the intended purpose or desired outcome
  23. homeless - without a home, and therefore typically living on the streets
  24. responsible - having an obligation to do something, or having control over or care for someone, as part of one's job or role
  25. a loneliness - the unhappiness that is felt by someone because they do not have any friends or do not have anyone to talk to
  26. an entertainment - the action of providing or being provided with amusement or enjoyment
  27. a pollution - he process of polluting water, air or land, especially with poisonous chemicals
  28. a creativity - the use of the imagination or original ideas, especially in the production of an artistic work
  29. a stupidity - the quality of being stupid

Unit 6: Emotion

Feeling stressed
  1. annoyed - fairly angry about something
  2. relaxing - pleasant and helps you to relax
  3. bored - tired and impatient
  4. frightened - afraid or anxious
  5. worried - unhappy because you keep thinking about problems that you have
  6. embarrassed - feeling or showing embarrassment (shame)
  7. exhausted - very tired
  8. confusing - unclear and difficult to understand
  9. shocked - feeling surprised and upset by something very unexpected and unpleasant
  10. satisfying - giving fulfilment or the pleasure associated with this
  11. exciting - causing great enthusiasm and eagerness
  12. terrified - having a feeling of extreme fear
  13. astonished - very surprised about something
  14. tired - in need of sleep or rest; weary
  15. fascinating - extremely interesting
  16. disappointed - sad or displeased because someone or something has failed to fulfil one's hopes or expectations
  17. disgusted - feeling a strong sense of dislike and disapproval at something
  18. frustrating - annoying or making someone angry
  19. depressed - in a state of unhappiness or despondency
  20. interested - showing curiosity or concern about something or someone
  21. distress - extreme anxiety, sorrow or pain
  22. joy - a feeling of great pleasure and happiness
  23. disgust - a feeling of revulsion or strong disapproval aroused by something unpleasant or offensive
  24. a lump in somebody's throat - a feeling that you want to cry
  25. therapy - treatment of a physical or mental illness, often without the use of drugs
  26. to chat someone up - to talk to someone that you like so that they will like you
  27. to get on - to have a good relationship / to like each other
  28. to settle down - to start living a quiet life in one place
  29. to go off someone / something - to stop liking someone / something
  30. to scroll up - to move the computer mouse to see earlier pages
  31. to click on - to put the computer mouse on a specific place and press
  32. to log off - to exit from a website
  33. to shut down - to stop operating / to make something stop operating
  34. to dress up - to dress in smart or formal clothes
  35. to dress down - to dress informally
  36. to try on - to put a piece of clothing on to see if it fits you or if it looks nice
  37. to take off - to remove (clothes)
  38. to cut off (about the telephone) - the line is suddenly disconnected and you can no longer speak to the other person
  39. to call off something - to cancel something
  40. to put something off - to delay doing something
  41. to check out - to get more information about something
  42. to stand out - to be easily noticeable
  43. to work out a solution - to manage to find the solution by thinking or talking about it
  44. to look after someone - to take care of someone
  45. to take after - to resemble a member of one's family in appearance, behaviour or character
  46. to fill in - to write the necessary information in an official document
  47. to let someone in - to allow someone to come in
The people watchers
  1. to watch a programme - to watch an item broadcast between stated times on radio or television
  2. to hold a sale - to organize an event during which a shop sells goods at reduced prices
  3. to do experiments - to perform scientific procedures, especially in a laboratory, to determine something
  4. to jump a queue - to move to the front of a queue and be served or dealt with before it is your turn
  5. to raise money - to ask people for money which you collect, usually on charity
  6. to get a seat - to get a place to sit in a public vehicle
  7. to persuade - to induce someone to do something through reasoning or argument.
  8. charity - the voluntary giving of help, typically in the form of money, to those in need
  9. to pretend - to behave as if something is true when in fact you know it is not in order to deceive people or for fun
  10. a badge - a piece of metal or cloth which you wear to show that you belong to an organization or support a cause

Unit 7: Success

Being successful
  1. to work hard (at something) - to work with a lot of effort.
  2. to have a natural talent - to have a natural aptitude or skill.
  3. to focus on - to think only about one objective
  4. to get better at - to improve
  5. to have an opportunity to do something - to have a chance to do something
  6. to believe in yourself - to be sure about your ideas / abilities
  7. to practice something - to do something again and again
  8. to be a high achiever - to be successful at your work or studies
  9. a failure - a lack of success
  10. to be on a shortlist - to be named in a list to be considered for a prize or a job
  11. to come first - to win
  12. to reveal - to make previously unknown or secret information known to others
  13. to share - to give a portion of something to another or others
  14. obvious - easily perceived or understood; clear, self-evident, or apparent
  15. to be nominated - to be officially suggested as a possible prize winner
  16. to be awarded - to be given an official prize / money
  17. to win a medal - to receive a valuable piece of metal because a success in a competition
  18. to win an award - to receive a prize / money because of an achievement
  19. to be on the winning team - to be part of a group that wins a competition / game
  20. to be a runner up - to come in second place in a competition, race, etc
  21. to get an "A" - to get the highest grade for a piece of academic work
  22. to win a prize - to get something because you are successful in a competition, race, etc.
  23. to have a lot in common with someone - to have many things belonging to or shared by two or more people
  24. to have access to something - to have the opportunity or right to see it or use it
  25. to be a world-class at something - to be one of the best in the world at something
  26. to put in time - to spend time doing something
  27. to pick up on something - to become aware of; to notice something
  28. to have a talent for something - to have a natural ability to do something well
Ability
  1. to be an expert in - to be very knowledgeable about or skilful in a particular area
  2. to be gifted at - to have exceptional talent or natural ability
  3. to have an ability - to have talent, skill or proficiency in a particular area
  4. skilful - able to do something very well
  5. to have an aptitude for - to have a natural ability to do something
  6. talented - having a natural aptitude or skill for something
  7. to be hopeless at - to be very bad or incompetent at something
  8. to be useless at - to have no ability or skill in a specified activity or area
  9. autistic - having a mental condition that makes it hard for someone to understand other people and form relationships
  10. accurate - correct in all details; exact
  11. outstanding - exceptionally good

Unit 8: Communities

Getting on
  1. to get on well with - to have good relationships with someone
  2. to get on someone's nerves - make someone feel annoyed or nervous
  3. to ask a favour - to ask someone for a service
  4. to mind one's own business - to be doing the things you normally do, without affecting what other people are doing
  5. to invite someone over - to invite someone to your house, for example for a meal
  6. a nuisance - a nuisance
  7. to get to know someone - to find out what someone is like by spending time with him / her
  8. to disturb someone - to interrupt the sleep, relaxation or privacy of someone
  9. to make friends with someone - to begin a friendship with someone
  10. to keep oneself to oneself - to avoid contact with others
  11. to do a favour - to do someone a service
  12. nosy - showing too much curiosity about other people's affairs
  13. helpful - giving or ready to give help
  14. to borrow - take and use something belonging to someone else with the intention of returning it
  15. to lend - grant to someone the use of something on the understanding that it shall be returned
  16. to gossip - to talk informally, especially about other people or local events
  17. to pop over - to come to one's house (informally)
Compound nouns
  1. a main road - an important road that leads from one town or city to another
  2. window shopping - a kind of spending time looking at the goods in the windows of shops without intending to buy anything
  3. traffic jam - a long line of vehicles that cannot move forward because there is too much traffic
  4. traffic lights - a set of automatically operated coloured lights, typically red, amber and green, for controlling traffic at road junctions, pedestrian crossings and roundabouts
  5. car park - an area or building where cars or other vehicles may be left temporarily
  6. car rental - an activity of paying someone for the use of a car
  7. housing estate - a residential area in which the houses have all been planned and built at the same time
  8. industrial estate - an area of land developed as a site for factories and other industrial businesses
  9. a terraced house - one of a row of similar houses joined together by their side walls
  10. a semi-detached house - a house that is joined to another house on one side by a shared wall
  11. a duty-free shop - a shop where you can buy goods at a cheaper price than usual because no tax is paid on them
  12. a primary school - a school for children between the ages of about five and eleven
  13. an outdoor market - a market in the open air
  14. high street - the main street of a town, especially as the traditional site for most shops, banks, and other businesses
  15. one-way street - a street where vehicles can only travel along in one direction
The internet
  1. a personal homepage - a script language and interpreter that is freely available and used primarily on Linux Web servers
  2. a blog - a website containing a diary or journal on a particular subject
  3. a corporate website - an informational website operated by a business or other private enterprise such as a charity or nonprofit foundation
  4. a search engine - a program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found
  5. a rating site - a site with a classification or ranking of someone or something based on a comparative assessment of their quality, standard or performance
  6. a photo sharing website - a website used to store and share photos
  7. a social networking site - a website that enables users to create public profiles within that website and form relationships with other users of the same website who access their profile
  8. a travel site - a website on the world wide web that is dedicated to travel
  9. a dating site - a personal introductory system whereby individuals can find and contact each other over the internet to arrange a date, usually with the objective of developing a personal, romantic or sexual relationship
  10. a news site - a website with information about recent events or happenings
  11. wiki - a website that allows anyone visiting it to change or add to the material in it

Unit 9: History

Events in history
  1. a revolution - a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favour of a new system
  2. a turning point - a time at which an important change takes place which affects the future of a person or thing
  3. a development - the process of developing or being developed
  4. a spread - the fact or process of spreading over an area
  5. an advance - a development or improvement
  6. a movement - a campaign undertaken by a group of people working together to advance their shared political, social or artistic ideas
  7. an invention - something, typically a process or device, that has been invented
  8. a foundation - an underlying basis or principle
  9. a discovery - the action or process of discovering or being discovered
  10. progress - development towards an improved or more advanced condition
  11. leap - a forceful jump or quick movement
  12. mankind - human beings considered collectively; the human race
  13. an invasio - an instance of invading a country or region with an armed force
  14. a colonisation - a process of establishing political control over an area or over another country and sending your citizens there to settle
  15. a democracy - a system of government in which people choose their rulers by voting for them in elections
  16. a liberation - a movement in Christian theology that emphasizes liberation from social, political and economic oppression
  17. a leadership - the action of leading a group of people or an organization
  18. politics - the actions or activities concerned with achieving and using power in a country or society
  19. an independence - the fact or state of being independent
  20. a bestseller - a book of which a great number of copies has been sold
  21. verse - writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme
  22. to land - bring an aircraft or spacecraft to the ground or the surface of water in a controlled way
Periods of time
  1. a decade - a period of ten years
  2. a millennium - a period of a thousand years
  3. an era - a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic
  4. a century - a period of one hundred years
  5. a quarter century - a period of twenty-five years
  6. a fortnight - a period of two weeks
  7. an age - a distinct period of history
  8. the nineteen-seventies - a period from 1970 to 1979
  9. the seventies / eighties - the numbers from seventy to seventy-nine (from eighty to eighty-nine), especially the years of a century or of a person's life
  10. a generation - the average period, generally considered to be about thirty years, in which children grow up, become adults and have children of their own
  11. to reject - to dismiss as inadequate, unacceptable or faulty
  12. to appeal to someone - to be attractive or interesting for someone
Collocations
  1. to come back - to return
  2. to come by car - to travel by car
  3. to come first - to win
  4. to come nearer - to move towards
  5. to come in blue - to be produced in blue colour
  6. to come over - to visit
  7. to give instructions - to say what to do
  8. to give a talk - to make a speech
  9. to give someone a call - to phone someone
  10. to give directions - to say where to go
  11. to give permission - to allow
  12. to have a good time - to enjoy yourself
  13. to have the same dream - to have future ambition
  14. to have trouble - to have problems
  15. to have a break - to relax for a short time
  16. to have 100 calories - to contain 100 calories
  17. to have ideas - to have thoughts about something
  18. to have a chance - to have an opportunity
  19. to make a decision - to choose
  20. to make a mess - to make a place untidy or dirty
  21. to make progress - to improve
  22. to make a profit - to get more money than you invested
  23. to make a film - to produce a film
  24. to make an attempt - to try
  25. to make an agreement - to collaborate
  26. to make a living - to get money

Unit 10: World

The environment
  1. to pre-prepare - to prepare or produce something, especially food, in advance
  2. to process - to perform a series of mechanical or chemical operations on something in order to change or preserve it
  3. organic - produced or involving production without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides or other artificial chemicals
  4. energy-saving light bulbs - a type of light bulbs that help to economise energy
  5. to insulate - to protect something by interposing material that prevents the loss of heat or the intrusion of sound
  6. double-glazed - a kind of windows that have two layers of glass which keeps the inside of the house warmer and quieter
  7. to leave on standby - to leave in the state of readiness for duty or immediate deployment
  8. a packaging - the container or covering that something is sold in
  9. a secondhand item - an item which has had a previous owner; not new
  10. to recycle - to convert waste into reusable material
  11. global warming - the gradual rise in the earth's temperature caused by high levels of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere
  12. pollution - the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects
  13. to protect - to keep safe from harm or injury
  14. an aerosol can - a container that holds a substance under pressure and that can release it as a fine spray usually by means of a propellant gas
  15. factory smoke - white, grey or black gas that is produced by the factory
  16. industrial waste - the waste produced by industrial activity
  17. a natural recourse - something, such as a forest, a mineral deposit, or fresh water, that is found in nature and is necessary or useful to humans
  18. to destroy - to end the existence of something by damaging or attacking it
  19. the environment - the natural world, as a whole or in a particular geographical area, especially as affected by human activity
  20. harmful - causing or likely to cause harm
  21. environmentally friendly - products that are environmentally friendly do not harm the environment when they are made or when you use them
  22. car exhaust fumes - gases ejected from a car as waste products
  23. destruction - the action or process of causing so much damage to something that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired
  24. an impact - a marked effect or influence
  25. nightmarish - terrible
  26. a heatwave - a period of very hot weather
  27. to get rid of - to take action so as to be free of a troublesome or unwanted person or thing
  28. to put a family through hell - to make a family go through a bad experience
  29. to be compelled - to be forced to do something
  30. unreal - imaginary or illusory
  31. to reuse - to use again or more than once
  32. to disobey - to fail to obey rules, a command, or someone in authority
  33. to misunderstand - to fail to interpret or understand something correctly
  34. to overcook - to cook too much or for too long
Reporting verbs
  1. to offer - to present or proffer something for someone to accept or reject as desired
  2. to warn - to inform someone in advance of a possible danger, problem, or other unpleasant situation
  3. to refuse - to indicate or show that one is not willing to do something
  4. to explain - to make an idea or situation clear to someone by describing it in more detail or revealing relevant facts
  5. to promise - to commit oneself by a promise to do or give; pledge: left but promised to return
  6. to invite - to make a polite, formal, or friendly request to someone to go somewhere or to do something
  7. to suggest - to put forward for consideration